Friedmann, H. (1950). The birds of north and middle America: A descriptive catalog of the higher groups, species and subspecies of birds known to occur in North America, from the arctic lands to the isthmus of Panama the wes indies and other island of the Caribbean sea, and the Galápagos Archipelago. Washington, D.C.: Smitsonian Institution.

Friedmann, Herbert. The Birds of North and Middle America: A Descriptive Catalog of the Higher Groups, Species and Subspecies of Birds Known to Occur in North America, From the Arctic Lands to the Isthmus of Panama the Wes Indies and Other Island of the Caribbean Sea, and the Galápagos Archipelago. Washington, D.C.: Smitsonian Institution, 1950.

Friedmann, Herbert. The Birds of North and Middle America: A Descriptive Catalog of the Higher Groups, Species and Subspecies of Birds Known to Occur in North America, From the Arctic Lands to the Isthmus of Panama the Wes Indies and Other Island of the Caribbean Sea, and the Galápagos Archipelago. Washington, D.C.: Smitsonian Institution, 1950.