Defensive (anti-herbivory) Coloration in Land Plants - Lev-Yadun, Simcha; SpringerLink (Online service) (Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer, 2016)
1. Introduction -- 2. Plants are not sitting ducks waiting for herbivores to eat them -- 3. The many defensive mechanisms of plants -- 4. No defense is perfect and defense is always relative -- 5. Operating under stress and fear in the military as a lesson concerning difficulties for herbivory in nature. Factors that lower the need for perfect defensive mechanisms including micry. - 6. Evaluating risk: the problematic and even erroneous common view of "no damage or no attack equals no risk" -- 7. Partial descriptions of color patterns in floras and handbooks has consequences on the study of plant coloration biology -- 8. Animal color vision -- 9. The nature of signals -- 10. White as a visual signal -- 11. Visual signaling by plants to animals via color -- 12. Müllerian and Batesian mimics are extended phenotypes -- 13. Camouflage -- 14. Seed camouflage -- 15. Pod and seed camouflage in the genus Pisum -- 16. Defensive functions of white coloration in coastal and dune plants -- 17. Gloger's rule in plants: the species and ecosystem levels -- 18. Defensive masquerade by plants -- 19. Potential defense from herbivory by dazzle effects and trickery coloration of variegated leaves -- 20. Plants undermine herbirorous insect camouflage -- 21. Delayed greening -- 22. Red/purple leaf margin coloration: potential defensive functions -- 23. Aposematism -- 24. Olfactory aposematism -- 25. The anecdotal history of discussing plant aposematic coloration -- 26. Aposematic coloration in thorny, spiny and prickly plants -- 27. Fearful symmetry in aposematic spiny plants -- 28. Color changes in old aposematic thorns, spines, and prickles -- 29. Pathogenic bacteria and fungi on thorns, spines and prickles -- 30. Aposematism in plants with silica needles and raphids made of calcium oxalate -- 31. Müllerian and Batesian mimicry rings of aposematic thorny, spiny and toxic plants -- 32. Batesian mimicry and automimicry of aposematic thorns, spines and prickles -- 33. Additional cases of defensive visual Batesian mimicry among plants -- 34. When may green plants be aposematic? -- 35. Spiny east Mediterranean plant species flower later and in a drier season than non-spiny species -- 36. Biochemical evidence of convergent evolution of aposematic coloration in thorny, spiny and prickly plants -- 37. Aposematic coloration in poisonous flowers, fruits and seeds -- 38. Aposematic trichomes: probably an overlooked common phenomenon -- 39. Why is latex usually white and only sometimes yellow, orange or red? Simultaneous visual and chemical plant defense -- 40. Visual defenses basically operating by various mechanisms that have an aposematic component -- 41. Plant aposematism involving fungi -- 42. Do plants use visual and olfactory carrion-based aposematism to deter herbivores? -- 43. Gall aposematism -- 44. Experimental evidence for plant aposematism -- 45. The complicated enigma of red and yellow autumn leaves -- 46. Leaf color variability -- 47. What do red and yellow autumn leaves signal for sure? -- 48. The second generation of hypotheses about colorful autumn leaves -- 49. The shared and separate roles of aposematic (warning) coloration and the co-evolution hypothesis in defending autumn leaves -- 50. Spring versus autumn or young versus old leaf colors: evidence for different selective agents and evolution in various species and floras -- 51. How red is the red autumn leaf herring and did it lose its red color? -- 52. Defensive animal and animal action mimicry by plants -- 53. Caterpillar and other herbivore feeding damage mimicry as defense -- 54. Tunneling damage mimicry -- 55. Butterfly egg mimicry -- 56. Caterpillar mimicry -- 57. Aphid mimicry -- 58. Ant mimicry -- 59. Beetle mimicry -- 60. Spider web mimicry -- 61. Defensive bee and wasp mimicry by orchid flowers -- 62. Gall midge mimicry -- 63. Arthropod wing movement mimicry -- 64. "Eye spot" mimicry -- 65. Snake mimicry -- 66. Visual and olfactory feces and carrion mimicry -- 67. Extended phenotype -- 68. A general perspective of defensive animal mimicry by plants -- 69. Currently temporary final words.
Keywords: Plant science; Botany; Entomology; Evolutionary biology; Behavioral sciences; Trees; Plant Sciences; Entomology; Evolutionary Biology; Behavioral Sciences; Tree Biology