Metabolism and Functions of Bioactive Ether Lipids in the Brain - Farooqui, Akhlaq A.; Farooqui, Tahira; Horrocks, Lloyd A.; SpringerLink (Online service) (New York, NY : Springer New York : Imprint: Springer, 2008)
Occurrence and importance of ether lipids in brain -- Introduction -- Classification of ether lipids found in brain -- Physicochemical properties of ether lipids -- Fecapentaenes, the novel plasmalogens -- Other ether lipid found in mammalian tissues -- Lipid metabolism in ether lipid-deficient mice -- Conclusion -- Biosynthesis of plasmalogens in brain -- General considerations and distribution of plasmalogens in brain -- Biosynthesis of plasmalogens -- Dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase -- Alkyl-dihydroxyacetone phosphate synthase -- Acyl/alkyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase 2.2.4. Alkyl-GP acyltransferase -- Alkylacyl-GP phosphohydrolase -- CDP-ethanomamine: diacylglycerol ethanolaminephosphotransferase -- Plasmalogen synthesizing enzymes during brain development -- Topology and distribution of plasmalogen and plasmalogen synthesizing enzymes -- Plasmalogens in lipid rafts -- Plasmalogens in the nucleus -- Factors affecting plasmalogen biosynthesis in brain -- Conclusion -- Catabolism of plasmalogens in brain -- Introduction -- Plasmalogen-selective phospholipase A2 -- Receptor-mediated degradation of plasmalogens -- Regulation of PlsEtn-PLA2 -- Turnover of Plasmalogen in brain -- Remodeling of plasmalogens (Reacylation/deacylation reactions) -- Degradation of plasmalogens by phospholipase C -- Non-enzymic oxidation of plasmalogens in brain -- Plasmalogen-derived lipid mediators and their importance in brain -- Lysoplasmalogens in brain -- Conclusion -- Assay and purification of plasmalogen-selective phospholipase A2 and lysoplasmalogenase activities -- Introduction -- Determination of PlsEtn and PlsCho-PLA2 by radiochemical procedures -- Preparation of radiolabled [3H] plasmenylcholine (choline plasmalogen) -- Labeling of lysoplasmenylcholine at the sn-2 position -- Determination of PlsCho-PLA2 activity -- Determination of PlsEtn-PLA2 by fluorometric assay -- Purification of ethanolamine plasmalogen -- Labeling of ethanolamine plasmalogen with pyrenesulfonyl chloride -- Determination of PlsEtn-PLA2 activity with pyrene-labeled plasmalogen -- Continuous spectrophotometric determination of PlsEtn-PLA2 -- Determination of lysoplasmalogenase -- Continuous spectrophotometric procedure for lysoplasmalogenase -- Continuous spectrofluorometric procedure for lysoplasmalogenase -- Activities of plasmalogen-selective PLA2 in brains of various animal species and cultured cells of neuronal and glial origin -- Determination of lysoplasmalogenase activity in rat liver and brain microsomes -- Purification of plasmalogen-selective PLA2 from brain -- Purification of lysoplasmalogenase from liver -- Conclusion -- Roles of plasmalogens in brain -- Introduction -- Roles of plasmalogens in brain -- Plasmalogens as neural membrane components -- Plasmalogens as a storage depot for second messengers -- Plasmalogens in regulation of enzymic activities -- Plasmalogens in membrane fusion -- Plasmalogens in ion transport -- Plasmalogens in high density lipoprotein -- Plasmalogen, cholesterol oxidation, efflux and atherosclerosis -- Plasmalogens and their antioxidant activity -- Plasmalogen and generation of long-chain aldehydes -- Plasmalogen in differentiation -- Plasmalogens in ocular development -- Plasmalogens as precursors for PAF -- Conclusion -- Involvement of plasmalogens in neurological disorders -- Introduction -- Plasmalogens in neurological disorders -- Plasmalogens in ischemic injury -- Plasmalogens in Alzheimer disease -- Plasmalogens in spinal cord injury -- Plasmalogens in peroxisomal disorders -- Plasmalogens in Sjogren-Larsson syndrome -- Plasmalogens in malnutrition -- Plasmalogens in fetal alcohol syndrome -- Plasmalogens in diabetic heart -- Plasmalogens in other neurological disorders -- Plasmalogens in uraemic patients -- Plasmalogens in myelin-deficient mutant mice -- Conclusion -- Synthesis of platelet activating factor in brain -- Introduction -- Biosynthesis of platelet activating factor -- Remodeling pathway -- Cytosolic phospholipase A2 -- Acetyl CoA: lyso-PAF acetyltransferase -- CoA-independent transacetylase -- De novo synthesis of PAF -- 1-Alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphate: acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase -- 1-Alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate phosphohydrolase -- 1-Alkyl-2-acetyl sn- glycerol: CDP-choline phosphotransferase -- Oxidative fragmentation pathway for PAF synthesis -- Regulation of PAF synthesis -- Conclusion -- Degradation of platelet activating factor in brain -- Introduction -- PAF acetyl hydrolases in brain and plasma -- Purification and properties of PAF acetyl hydrolases -- Type I PAF acetyl hydrolase in mammalian tissues -- Type II PAF acetyl hydrolase in mammalian tissues -- PAF-acetyl hydrolases in mammalian plasma -- Other PAF acetyl hydrolases -- Regulation and role of PAF acetyl hydrolases in brain -- PAF hydrolyzing phospholipase C -- Other PAF hydrolyzing lipases -- Conclusion -- Roles of platelet activating factor in brain -- Introduction -- PAF receptors in brain -- Translocation of PAF from synthetic site to cell surface receptors -- PAF-receptor-mediated signal transduction -- Roles of platelet activating factor in brain -- PAF in gene expression -- PAF in neural cell migration -- PAF in long-term potentiation -- PAF in glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity -- PAF and calcium influx -- PAF in neuroinflammation -- PAF in cerebral blood flow and blood brain barrier permeability -- PAF in apoptosis -- PAF in nociception -- PAF in immune response -- Conclusion -- Involvement of platelet activating factor in neurological disorders -- Introduction -- Involvement of platelet-activating factor in neurological disorders -- PAF in ischemia -- PAF in traumatic brain and spinal cord injury -- PAF in meningitis -- PAF in HIV infection -- PAF in prion diseases -- PAF in multiple sclerosis -- PAF in Miller-Dieker lissencephaly -- PAF in migraine attacks -- PAF in kainic acid-mediated neurodegeneration -- Involvement of PAF in non-neural injuries -- Consequences of altered PAF acetyl hydrolase in cardiovascular system -- Molecular mechanism of PAF-mediated neural injury -- Clinical application of PAF antagonists for the treatment of neurological disorders -- Conclusion -- Biochemical effects of non-physiological antitumor ether lipids -- Introduction -- Effect of AEL on enzymes involved in signal transduction -- Effects of AEL on phospholipases A2, C., and D -- Effects of AEL on protein and lipid kinases -- Effect of AEL on cellular receptors -- Other effects of AEL on cellular metabolism -- Molecular mechanism and site of action of AEL -- Conclusion -- Perspective and directions for future development on ether lipids -- Introduction -- Interactions among glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, and cholesterol-derived lipid mediators -- Interactions between ether lipid and sphingolipid-derived lipid mediators -- Interactions between sphingolipid and cholesterol-derived lipid mediators -- Use of lipidomics, proteomics, and genomics for characterization of enzymes, lipid mediators, and signal transduction process in normal and diseased brain tissues -- Use of RNAi for the treatment of ether lipid-related neurodegenerative diseases -- Conclusion.
Keywords: Neurosciences; Neurology .; Biochemistry; Medical biochemistry; Neurosciences; Neurology; Biochemistry, general; Medical Biochemistry