Carnitine Today - Famularo, Giuseppe; Desimone, Claudio; SpringerLink (Online service) (New York, NY : Springer US : Imprint: Springer, 1997)
1. The Role of Carnitine in Cell Metabolism -- A Century of Carnitine Research -- Biosynthesis, Uptake and Excretion -- Carnitine Acyltransferases -- Fatty Acid Oxidation in Liver -- Fatty Acid Oxidation in Heart -- Carnitine in Insulin Secretion -- Perspectives -- 2. Molecular Biology of Carnitine Palmitoyltransferases and Role of Carnitine in Gene Transcription -- Mitochondrial CPTs -- Peroxisomal CPTs -- Microsomal CPTs -- Nuclear CPTs -- A Role for Carnitine in the Transcriptional Regulation -- Perspectives -- 3. Carnitine and Myocardial Glucose Metabolism -- Review of the Literature -- Conclusions -- 4. Carnitine and Mitochondrial Dysfunction -- Mitochondrial Function and Dysfunction -- Carnitine-Related Mitochondrial Disorders -- Carnitine, CoA and Mitochondrial Function -- Carnitine and Mitochondrial Alterations Induced by Anoxia -- 5. Effect of L-Carnitine on Fas-Induced Apoptosis and Sphingomyelinase Activity in Human T Cell Lines -- Materials and Methods -- Effect of Camitine on Fas-Induced Apoptosis in Hut78 and U937 Cells -- Effect of L-Carnitine on Fas Crosslinking-Induced Ceramide Generation in Hut78 and U937 Cells -- Effect of L-Carnitine on Fas Crosslinking-Induced Acidic and Neutral SMases -- Effects of L-Carnitine on Purified Acidic and Neutral SMases in Vitro -- Discussion -- 6. Carnitine Deficiency: Primary and Secondary Syndromes -- Carnitine Metabolism -- Functions of Carnitine -- Carnitine Deficiency in Humans -- Primary Carnitine Deficiencies -- Secondary Carnitine Deficiencies -- Myocardial Diseases and Secondary Carnitine Deficiency -- Diabetes and Secondary Carnitine Deficiency -- Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies -- Drugs and Carnitine Deficiency -- 7. Carnitine Against Ischemia and Lipopolysaccharide Toxicity -- L-Carnitine in the Treatment of Ischemic Muscles -- Summary -- 8. Carnitine and Derivatives in Experimental Infections -- Results of Murine Studies -- Results of Rat Studies -- Discussion -- 9. Involvement of Carnitine in Reye's and Reye-Like Syndromes -- Definition of Reye's and Reye-Like Syndromes -- Pathological Manifestation of RS and RLS -- Involvement of Carnitine -- Carnitine Treatment in RS and RLS -- 10. Fatigue Syndrome -- Summary -- Acylcarnitine (ACR) Deficiency in CFS -- ACR Metabolism in Mammals -- The Uptake of ACR in the Brain of Rhesus Monkeys and Humans -- Hypothesis: the Role of ACR in the Etiology of CFS -- Acetyl-L-Camitine Treatment for Patients with CFS -- 11. L-Carnitine, a Modulator of Immunometabolic Homeostasis in Subjects Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus -- Immunomodulating Properties of L-Carnitine -- Serum and Cellular Carnitine Deficiency in HIV-Infected Subjects -- Carnitine Deficiency and Mitochondrial Toxicity of Nucleoside Analogs -- Etiology of Carnitine Deficiency in AIDS -- Impact of L-Carnitine Therapy on Lymphocyte Mitogen Responsiveness and Carnitine Cellular Content -- Impact of L-Carnitine Therapy on Lymphocyte Apoptosis, CD4 Cell Decline and HIV Viremia -- Concluding Remarks -- 12. Effect of L-Carnitine on the AZT-Induced Mitochondrial Toxicity: Studies on Human Muscle Cultures -- In Vitro Studies -- In Vivo Studies -- Conclusions -- 13. Possible Anti-Apoptotic Activity of Carnitines on Excitatory Amino Acid-Induced Neurotoxicity -- Glutamate and Cancer -- Glutamate May Mediate Some Neurological Disorders -- Pharmacotherapy for Excitatory Amino Acid-Induced Neurotoxicity.
Keywords: Medicine; Cardiology; Medicine/Public Health, general; Cardiology