Hot Topics in Infection and Immunity in Children IV /

Hot Topics in Infection and Immunity in Children IV /

Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author: SpringerLink (Online service)
Other Authors: Finn, Adam. (Editor), Pollard, Andrew J. (Editor)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: New York, NY : Springer New York : Imprint: Springer, 2008.
Edition:1st ed. 2008.
Series:Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 609
Subjects:
Immunology.
Virology.
Infectious diseases.
Microbiology.
Infectious Diseases.
Table of Contents:
  • Contents
  • Contributing Authors
  • The Enteroviruses: an Emerging Infectious Disease? The Real, the Speculative...and the Really Speculative
  • Mark J. Abzug
  • Introduction
  • Enterivirus 71: a "New" Neurologic Threat
  • Modern Epidemiology and Clinical Presentations
  • EV71 Brainstem Encephalitis
  • EV71 Acute Flaccid Paralysis
  • EV71 Diagnosis
  • EV71 Pathogenesis
  • EV71 History and the Emergence of Severe Epidemic Disease
  • Therapy of EV71 Infection
  • Congenital EV Infection
  • Previous Evidence of In Utero EV Infection
  • New Evidence for Congenital EV Infection: Amniotic Fluid Studies
  • New Evidence for Congenital EV Infection: Placental Studies
  • New Evidence of Congenital EV Infection: What Does it Mean?
  • Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
  • Evidence implicating EVs: the European Experience
  • Evidence from Europe Not Implicating Evs
  • New Evidence Implicating EVs: the American Experience
  • Evidence Linking EV Infection and CFS: Possible Explanations
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • Science and Society: The HIV Epidemic and South African Political Responses
  • Hoosen M. Coovadia and Imraan Coovadia
  • Introduction
  • South Africa: The AIDS Advisory Committee
  • Sarafina
  • The Virodene Saga
  • The Presidential AIDS Advisory Panel (Mbeki Panel, 2001)
  • The Durban Declaration
  • The Enigma of President Mbeki
  • Pragmatism
  • Preoccupation with Governance
  • The Politics of Negotiation
  • AIDS and the Global Context
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Pathogenesis of Group A Streptococcal Infections and Their Sequelae
  • Madeleine W. Cunningham
  • Introduction
  • Virulence Determinants and the Host Response
  • Acute Rheumatic Fever
  • 3.1 Immune Mechanisms in Rheumatic Carditis
  • 3.1.1 Antibody Reacts with Valve Endothelium
  • 3.1.2 T cell Infiltration through Valve Endothelium
  • 3.1.3 Immune Mechanisms in Sydenham's Chorea
  • Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 4. Snakes, Jellyfish and Spiders
  • Bart J. Currie
  • Introduction
  • Toxins and clinical relevance
  • Snakebite
  • Jellyfish stings
  • Spider bites
  • Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • Current Status of Group A Streptococcal Vaccine Development
  • James B. Dale
  • Introduction
  • Burden of Disease Caused by GAS Infections
  • Current Strategies for Vaccine Development
  • Rationale for M Protein-Based GAS Vaccines
  • Preclinical Evaluation of a 26-Valent M Protein-Based Vaccine
  • Clinical Experience with the 26-Valent GAS Vaccine
  • Development of Vaccines Designed to Prevent Rheumatic Fever
  • Summary and Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • New Aspects on Diagnosis and Transmission of Hepatitis B in Paediatric Patients and Pregnant Women
  • Robert A. de Man, Annemiek van der Eijck and Irene Veldhuijzen
  • Horizontal transmission of hepatitis B and the paediatric patient
  • Infectivity of body fluids
  • Implications for the paediatric patient
  • Chronic hepatitis B in pregnancy
  • References
  • Pertussis Immunisation in Adolescents and Adults
  • Ulrich Heininger
  • Introduction
  • Epidemiology
  • 2.1 Incidence of pertussis disease compared to B. pertussis
  • infections in adolescents and adults
  • 2.2 Adolescents and adults as the source for pertussis in infants
  • Disease
  • Diagnosis.-Treatment
  • Prevention by Immunisation
  • Successful Childhood Programmes
  • Expanding Programmes Beyond Childhood
  • Summary
  • References
  • 8. Trachoma: Revent Developments
  • David Mabey
  • Introduction
  • Epidemiology
  • Trachoma assessment
  • Clinical signs and C. trachomatis infection
  • Pathogenesis of Trachoma
  • The SAFE strategy
  • Surgery
  • Antibiotic
  • References
  • 9. Gonococcal Infections in Newborns and in Adolescents
  • Noni MacDonald, Tim Mailman, Shalini Desai
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. The Microbe
  • 3. Gonococcal Infection in Newborns
  • 4. Gonococcal Ophthalmia Neonatorum
  • 5. Neonatal Gonococcal Scalp Abscess and Disseminated Gonococcal Infection
  • 6. Diagnosis of Neonatal Gonococcal Infections
  • 7. Treatment of Neonatal Gonococcal Infections
  • 8. Prevention of Neonatal Gonococcal Infection
  • 9. Gonococcal Infection in Adolescents
  • 10. Why are Adolescents STI Rates so high?
  • 11. Partners, Condom Use and Sexual Networks
  • 12. Clinical Presentations of Gonococcal Infection in Adolescents
  • 13. Diagnosis Testing for N gonorrhoea Infections in Adolescents
  • 14. Treatment pf Adolescent Gonococcal Infections
  • 15. Prevention of Gonococcal Infections in Adolescents
  • 16. Summary
  • References
  • 10. Management of Severe Dengue in Children
  • Christopher Moxon and Bridget Wills
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Clinical features of severe dengue infection in children
  • 3. Pathogenesis
  • 4. Management - theoretical considerations
  • 5. Management - practical guidelines
  • 5.1 Fluid resuscitation
  • 5.2 Management of bleeding
  • 6. Summary/Conclusion
  • References
  • 11. Human Papillomavirus Vaccines: Who should get them and why?
  • Stephane Paulus and Simon Dobson
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. HPV epidemiology
  • 3. Cervical cancer epidemiology
  • 4. Age of sexual debut
  • 5. Education/school leaving
  • 6. HPV vaccines: nature and characteristics of immunising agent
  • 7. Vaccine Safety
  • 8. HPV vaccine implementation
  • References
  • 12. Antimicrobial Resistance Among Enteric Pathogens
  • Larry K. Pickering
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Advantages of antimicrobial therapy
  • 3. Limitations and challenges of antimicrobial therapy
  • 4. Reasons for mechanisms of resistance
  • 5. Resistance patterns of enteric pathogens
  • 5.1 Campylobacter jejuni/coli
  • 5.2 Shigella species
  • 5.3 Salmonella species
  • 6. Effect of resistance on clinical manifestations and treatment options
  • 7. Future directions
  • References
  • 13. What the paediatrician needs to know when pandemic influenza arrives in clinical practice
  • Nicole Ritz and Nigel Curtis
  • 1. Introduction
  • 1.1 The media outbreak
  • 2. The impact of pandemic influenza
  • 2.1 How many people will be affected?
  • 2.2 How fast will pandemic influenza spread?
  • 2.3 Is human-to-human transmission likely to occur?
  • 3. Diagnosis and clinical features of H5N1 avian influenza
  • 3.1 Differences between pandemic influenza and seasonal influenza
  • 3.2 Clinical features
  • 3.2.1 Clinical features at presentation
  • 3.2.2 Presentation with delayed respiratory features
  • 3.2.3 Complications
  • 3.3 Radiology
  • 3.4 Laboratory features
  • 3.4.1 Routine investigations
  • 3.4.2 Laboratory confirmation
  • 4. The treatment of H5N1 avian influenza
  • 4.1 Adamantanes (M2 blockers)
  • 4.2 Neuraminidase inhibitors
  • 4.2.1 Mechanism of action
  • 4.2.2 Administration
  • 4.2.3 Formulations
  • 4.2.4 Effectiveness
  • 4.2.5 Adverse effects
  • 4.2.6 Dosing in children
  • 4.3 Resistance to anti-influenza drugs
  • 4.4 Prophylaxis
  • 4.5 Who should be treated?
  • 4.6 Additional and other treatments
  • 4.7 Personal stockpiling of antiviral drugs
  • 5. Limiting the spread of influenza during a pandemic
  • 6. The prevention of pandemic influenza
  • 7. Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 14. Lyme Disease
  • Eugene D. Shapiro
  • 1. Introduction
  • 1.1 Etiology and Epidemiology
  • 2. Clinical Manifestations
  • 3. Diagnosis
  • 4. Treatment
  • 5. "Chronic" Lyme Disease
  • 6. Congenital Lyme Disease
  • 7. Prevention of Lime Disease
  • 8. Lyme Hysteria
  • 9. Summary
  • References
  • 15. Management of Myocarditis in Children: the current situation
  • Brigitte Stiller
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Viral Myocarditis: three different phases
  • 2.1 Phase 1: Viral Infection
  • 2.2 Phase 2: Autoimmune Injury
  • 2.2.1 T cells
  • 2.2.2 Cytokines
  • 2.3 Phase 3: Dilated Cardiomyopathy
  • 3. Diagnosis and Treatment of the Different Phases: Current Recommendations
  • Phase 1: Diagnosis and Treatment in Viral Replication
  • Phase 2: Diagnosis and Treatment during Autoimmune Activation
  • Phase 3: Diagnosis and Treatment during Dilative Cardiomyopathy
  • 4. Clinicopathological Subtypes of Myocarditis
  • 4.1 Fulminant myocarditis
  • 4.2 Acute myocarditis
  • 4.3 Chronic active myocarditis
  • 4.4 Chronic persistent myocarditis
  • 5. Therapeutic Strategies for Paediatric heart Failure and Haemodynamic Instability
  • 6. Conclusions
  • References
  • 16. Therapy of Herpes Virus Infections in Children
  • Richard J. Whitley
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
  • 3.
  • Activiral Therapy of neonatal HSV Infection
  • 3.1 Mortality
  • 3.2 Morbidity
  • 3.2.1 Disseminated and CNS Neonatal HSV Disease
  • 3.2.2 Skin Eye and Mouth Disease
  • 3.2.3 Summary
  • 4. Herpes Simplex Encaphalitis
  • 4.1 Treatment
  • 5. Varicella Zoster Virus
  • 5.1 Treatment of Varicella in the Immunocompetent Host
  • 5.2 Treatment of Varicella in the Immunocompromise Host
  • 5.3 Valacyclovir and Famciclovir
  • 5.4 Resistant Varicella Zoster Virus Infections
  • 6. Cytomegalovirus
  • 6.1 Diagnosis
  • 6.2 Treatment
  • 7. Summary
  • References.

Similar Items