Plant Physiological Ecology Field methods and instrumentation /
| Corporate Author: | |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Dordrecht :
Springer Netherlands : Imprint: Springer,
2000.
|
| Edition: | 1st ed. 2000. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9013-1 |
Table of Contents:
- 1 Principles of instrumentation for physiological ecology
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Measurement and measurement errors
- 1.3 Instrument organization
- 1.4 Instrument initiation
- 1.5 Postscript
- 2 Field data acquisition
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Analog recorders
- 2.3 Digital recorders
- 2.4 Integrators
- 2.5 Sampling considerations
- 3 Water in the environment
- 3.1 Soil moisture
- 3.2 Atmospheric moisture
- 3.3 Moisture flux
- 4 Measurement of wind speed near vegetation
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Flow in wind tunnels, growth cabinets and ducts
- 4.3 Weather stations and field survey
- 4.4 Wind profiles above vegetation
- 4.5 Boundary layer resistance
- 4.6 Calibration
- 4.7 Aerodynamic influence by masts
- 4.8 Visualization
- 4.9 Pressure measurements
- 4.10 Some applications
- 5 Soil nutrient availability
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Difficulties in measuring nutrient availability
- 5.3 Nitrogen availability
- 5.4 Phosphorus availability
- 5.5 Sulfur availability
- 5.6 Availability of essential cations
- 5.7 Micronutrient availability
- 5.8 Soil classification
- 5.9 Bioassay of nutrient availability
- 5.10 Soil acidity
- 5.11 Soil salinity
- 5.12 Soil redox potential
- 5.13 Comments on sampling
- 5.14 Index units
- 6 Radiation and light measurements
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Definitions and units
- 6.3 Energy versus photons as a measure of PAR
- 6.4 Radiation sensors: general characteristics
- 6.5 Determination of the diffuse and direct components of radiation
- 6.6 Calibration of radiation sensors
- 6.7 Sampling considerations
- 6.8 Photographic estimations of light climate
- 6.9 Spectral radiometry
- 7 Temperature and energy budgets
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Energy budget approach
- 7.3 Variations in air and leaf temperatures with height
- 7.4 Temperature and its measurement
- 7.5 Orientation and its measurement
- 7.6 Calculation of incident solar radiation on different surfaces
- 7.7 Leaf absorptance and its measurement
- 7.8 Boundary layer considerations
- 8 Measurement of transpiration and leaf conductance
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Leaf transpiration rate
- 8.3 Leaf conductance to water vapor
- 8.4 Instrumentation for transpiration measurements
- 8.5 Calibration of water vapor sensors
- 8.6 Systems for measuring transpiration and leaf conductance
- 8.7 Whole-plant measurements of transpiration
- 9 Plant water status, hydraulic resistance and capacitance
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Water potential and its components
- 9.3 Water content
- 9.4 Hydraulic resistance and capacitance
- 9.5 Conclusion
- 10 Approaches to studying nutrient uptake, use and loss in plants
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Nutrient uptake
- 10.3 Nutrient use and nutrient status
- 10.4 Chemical analysis
- 10.5 Nutrient loss
- 11 Photosynthesis: principles and field techniques
- 11.1 The system concept
- 11.2 Principles of photosynthesis measurement
- 11.3 Components of gas-exchange systems
- 11.4 Real photosynthesis systems
- 11.5 Matching instrument to objective
- 11.6 Calibrating photosynthesis systems
- 11.7 Calculating gas-exchange parameters
- 11.8 List of symbols
- 12 Crassulacean acid metabolism
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Measurement of succulence
- 12.3 Nocturnal acidification
- 12.4 Nocturnal CO2 fixation
- 12.5 Analysis of day-night and seasonal patterns of CO2 and H2O vapor exchange
- 12.6 Measurement of photosynthesis and respiration by O2 exchange
- 12.7 Water relations
- 12.8 Stress physiology
- 13 Stable isotopes
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Natural abundances of stable isotopes of ecological interest
- 13.3 Stable isotope mass spectrometry
- 13.4 Sample preparation
- 13.5 Sample variability
- 13.6 Application of stable isotopes in ecological studies
- 14 Canopy structure
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 Direct methods
- 14.3 Semidirect methods
- 14.4 Indirect methods
- 14.5 Summary
- 15 Growth, carbon allocation and cost of plant tissues
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Growth analysis
- 15.3 Fate of carbon
- 15.4 Carbon and energy costs of growth and maintenance
- 16 Root systems
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 Assessing root system structure and biomass in the field - determining what is there
- 16.3 Determination of root length and surface area
- 16.4 Microscale distributions of roots
- 16.5 Root system turnover and production
- 16.6 Root phenology and growth
- 16.7 Root system function
- 16.8 Root associations
- 16.9 Concluding thoughts
- 17 Field methods used for air pollution research with plants
- 17.1 Introduction
- 17.2 Studies of air pollution absorption
- 17.3 Air pollution instrumentation
- 17.4 Cuvettes
- 17.5 Field fumigation systems and approaches
- 17.6 Summary.